Subsidies and costs of EU energy - European Commission

This study shows that in 2012, the total value of public interventions in energy (excluding transport) in the EU-28 is €2012 122 billion (see Figure S - 1).

This figure is composed of the value of public interventions in 2012 of €2012 113 billion and a central estimate of direct historic support of €2012 9 billion (direct historic support is between €2012 3 and 15 billion). The direct historic support still has a direct effect today.